音频解说
形态描述
落叶小乔木，稀灌木，高4-10m；当年生小枝绿色，无毛。冬芽紫褐色，卵形，无毛。叶片卵形至椭圆形，长4-8cm，宽2.5-5cm，先端尾尖，基部宽楔形至圆形，叶缘具锯齿，幼叶两面被短柔毛，后脱落，或仅下面脉腋具短柔毛；叶柄长1-2cm，常具腺体。花单生或2朵生于1芽内，先叶开放，浓香；花直径2-2.5cm，花梗短，1-3mm，常无毛；花萼常红褐色，有些品种为绿色或绿紫色；萼筒宽钟形；萼片卵形或近圆形；花瓣倒卵形，白色至粉红色；雄蕊多数；子房密被柔毛，花柱短或稍长于雄蕊。果为核果，近球形，两侧稍扁，直径2-3cm，被柔毛；果核椭圆形，两侧微扁，腹面和背棱上均有明显纵沟，表面具蜂窝状孔穴。花期冬春季，果期5-6月。
分布地区
杭州各地区常见栽培。我国广泛栽培，野生分布于四川西部和云南西部；日本、朝鲜半岛、老挝北部和越南北部也有。
主要用途
可供观赏；果实可食；花、叶、根和种仁均可入药。
中国植物志英文版
Trees, rarely shrubs, 4–10 m tall. Bark grayish to tinged with green, smooth. First year branchlets green, smooth, glabrous or densely incanous. Winter buds purplish brown, ovoid, 3–6 mm, glabrous, apex acute. Petiole 1–2 cm, densely incanous or pubescent when young, often with nectaries; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, elliptic, obovate, or obovate-oblanceolate, 4–8 × 2.5–5 cm, grayish green, both surfaces pubescent when young, gradually glabrescent or only abaxially pubescent in vein axils with age, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin usually acutely serrulate, apex caudate. Flowers solitary or 2 in a fascicle, opening before leaves, 2–2.5 cm in diam., strongly fragrant. Pedicel 1–10 mm, glabrous. Hypanthium usually reddish brown but green to greenish purple for some cultivated varieties, broadly campanulate, 2.5–4 mm, outside glabrous or sometimes pubescent. Sepals ovate to suborbicular, 3–5 mm, apex obtuse. Petals white or pink, obovate, 0.9–1.4 × 0.8–1.2 cm. Stamens shorter to slightly longer than petals. Ovary densely pubescent. Style shorter to slightly longer than stamens. Drupe yellow to greenish white, subglobose, 2–3 cm in diam., pubescent; mesocarp sour, adnate to endocarp; endocarp ellipsoid to subglobose, slightly compressed on both sides, ventral suture somewhat obtuse, distinctly longitudinally furrowed on ventral and dorsal sides, surface pitted, base cuneate, obtuse, or rounded, apex obtuse and abruptly mucronulate. Fl. winter to spring, fr. May–Jun (or Jul–Aug in N China). Forested slopes, sparse forests, stream sides, slopes along trails, mountains, also commonly cultivated; 1700--3100 m. Native in W Sichuan and W Yunnan; cultivated throughout most of China particularly in areas S of the Chang Jiang [Japan, Korea, N Laos, N Vietnam]. In addition to the varieties listed below, there are many cultivated varieties selected for their flowers or fruit.----from “Flora of China”
